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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. 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county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 54 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":65,"state":"GA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Lindera benzoin","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Lindera benzoin","source_record_id":345,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Rich alluvial forests, mesic forests on slopes with circumneutral soils, bottomlands, swamps."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Maine, s. Ontario, and Michigan, south to Panhandle Florida and e. Texas; disjunct in Edwards Plateau of c. Texas."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Mar-Apr; Aug-Sep."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, Can, Fl2, FNA3, GrPl, GW2, K4, Mi, Mo3, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WH3, WV, Wofford (1983); = Benzoin aestivale (L.) Nees — S, S13; = Benzoin benzoin (L.) J.M.Coult.; = Laurus benzoin L.; > Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. benzoin — AqW, C, F, G, Il, K1; > Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. pubescens (E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.) Rehder — C, F, G, Il, K1, NcTx, Tx]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Some floristic treatments recognize two varieties based on whether the leaves and young twigs are pubescent (var. pubescens ) or not (var. benzoin ) but the varieties so recognized overlap broadly in distribution; it seems best to regard this as mere variation within the species. Where occurring on upland slopes, L. benzoin is an excellent indicator of base-rich soils, generally derived from calcareous sedimentary rocks or mafic metamorphic or igneous rocks."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"Organism","value":3},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACW"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":345,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"6","Attr19":"ye","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F1","Attr3":"Part,Shade","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 2-5","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Some floristic treatments recognize two varieties based on whether the leaves and young twigs are pubescent (var. pubescens ) or not (var. benzoin ) but the varieties so recognized overlap broadly in distribution; it seems best to regard this as mere variation within the species. Where occurring on upland slopes, L. benzoin is an excellent indicator of base-rich soils, generally derived from calcareous sedimentary rocks or mafic metamorphic or igneous rocks.","geographic_range_description":"Maine, s. Ontario, and Michigan, south to Panhandle Florida and e. Texas; disjunct in Edwards Plateau of c. Texas.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"6","Attr19":"ye","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F1","Attr3":"Part,Shade","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 2-5","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Rich alluvial forests, mesic forests on slopes with circumneutral soils, bottomlands, swamps.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":3,"phenology_source_text":"Mar-Apr; Aug-Sep.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACW"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, Can, Fl2, FNA3, GrPl, GW2, K4, Mi, Mo3, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WH3, WV, Wofford (1983); = Benzoin aestivale (L.) Nees — S, S13; = Benzoin benzoin (L.) J.M.Coult.; = Laurus benzoin L.; > Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. benzoin — AqW, C, F, G, Il, K1; > Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. pubescens (E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.) Rehder — C, F, G, Il, K1, NcTx, Tx]"}},"gardener_review":{"field_metadata":{"bloom_season":{"scope_note":"Species profile reports March–April, before leaf-out; timing varies with location and year."}},"matched_name":"Lindera benzoin","retrieved_at":"2026-10-06T00:51:53.622381+00:00","review_reason":"Resolve the gardener review against the primary species profile, retaining prior source alternatives.","review_status":"reviewed","reviewed_at":"2026-10-05","scope":{"kind":"unspecified","subject":"species_profile"},"scope_note":"Species-level source account; not a prediction for this yard.","source_label":"NC State Extension · reviewed species facts","source_sha256":"689fa06c0d0fcd14ff4e24c7b11e4e0fe5ab64747e3a158524efe1e35a1530d1","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lindera-benzoin/","values":{"bloom_season":["March","April"]}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Lindera benzoin","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:38:18.603077+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"150c05fd7384a3f460bdf84661e0a1ed8aca3b60ff959bf0c7f8121e9ebe4d66","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lindera-benzoin/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Lindera benzoin","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:0d4015ca09680c3130c26e4e62f63d6112c4e89e31f612d77b0c70bed067062c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:38:18.603077+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Lindera benzoin","source_sha256":"150c05fd7384a3f460bdf84661e0a1ed8aca3b60ff959bf0c7f8121e9ebe4d66","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lindera-benzoin/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b8c725c9-089c-5ba3-ae1c-2b6c40459fb1","value":["Woody"]},{"expected_source_name":"Lindera benzoin","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:2ea5c226d4830d25563bc52ac90cd52161472593d7bae3b4b50158acf5f2dd41","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:38:18.603077+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Lindera benzoin","source_sha256":"150c05fd7384a3f460bdf84661e0a1ed8aca3b60ff959bf0c7f8121e9ebe4d66","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lindera-benzoin/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b8c725c9-089c-5ba3-ae1c-2b6c40459fb1","value":["Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Lindera benzoin","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:80bb7b77a481550aedf85b1a39f8051967a5c6e5aa6076ecdf5b7844ccab8824","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:38:18.603077+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Lindera benzoin","source_sha256":"150c05fd7384a3f460bdf84661e0a1ed8aca3b60ff959bf0c7f8121e9ebe4d66","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lindera-benzoin/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b8c725c9-089c-5ba3-ae1c-2b6c40459fb1","value":{"max":15,"min":8,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Lindera benzoin","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:a95b459ba6f56e747fe4350554787a7b80daf930dfe909a43c5320cf381caa37","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:38:18.603077+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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