{"assessment":{"band":"Not native","fit_score":null,"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Reported non-native to Georgia.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Georgia percentile","score":null,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"state_rank":""},"status":"not_native","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:c3aa87e3556f91cd6659f4cb6698f1f1dc7a13e4ed446b8d4e475f11c8ec49a1","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:5386d9e9c37b5161caf773997cec2d91b2811134b87757de0eee490169a445d2","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Graminoid"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["13087"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["13087"],"growth_habit":"graminoid","growth_habit_source":"tnky_atlas","invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"species_of_concern","rank":null,"scientific_name":"Imperata cylindrica","state":"GA","url":"https://gainvasivespeciescouncil.org/list/invasive-plants/"}],"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Imperata cylindrica","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1033"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Imperata cylindrica","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:I PB:I PB:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["sernec:87593"],"source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","source_refs":["GA-checklist-7.html","ga_invasive","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=7&clid=3416&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["GA-checklist-7.html","ga_invasive","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=7&clid=3416&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Not native","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:c3aa87e3556f91cd6659f4cb6698f1f1dc7a13e4ed446b8d4e475f11c8ec49a1","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:5386d9e9c37b5161caf773997cec2d91b2811134b87757de0eee490169a445d2","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["13087"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":null,"state":"GA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Imperata cylindrica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","source_record_id":2096,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Pinelands, grassy roadsides, pastures. An extremely aggressive and dangerous weed, now well-established and rapidly invading fire-maintained Coastal Plain areas (such as longleaf pine and slash pine flatwoods and longleaf pine clayhills) on the Gulf Coastal Plain of FL, AL, and MS."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of se. Asia, s. Asia, and possibly e. Africa. See Nelson (1993) for first report from South Carolina."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Feb-May (-Nov)."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= FNA25, HC, K1, K4, NS, POWO; = Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois var. cylindrica — Ward (2004c); = n/a — C, RAB, S, S13, Tat; Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois — FlGr, Hall (1998)]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Hall (1998) argues that I. cylindrica and I. brasiliensis are not distinct. Ward (2004c) treats the 2 taxa at varietal level."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Imperata cylindrica has long yellow-green leaves with an obviously off-center midrib and slightly serrated margins. These leaves are roughly 1-2 cm wide and can grow to over 1.5 m tall. This height means that cogongrass often stands out from surrounding vegetation, making it easy to spot from a distance. The panicle is silvery white in color, fuzzy like cotton, cylindrical in shape, and is usually no longer than 8” in length. The stem is typically hidden by the leaves but can be easily observed in smaller specimens."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"Organism","value":7},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"UPL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2096,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr10":"no","Attr11":"g,p","Attr12":"me","Attr13":"3Bw14,3Bw7","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 1-11","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le","Attr7":"t","Attr8":"1","Attr9":"p"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Hall (1998) argues that I. cylindrica and I. brasiliensis are not distinct. Ward (2004c) treats the 2 taxa at varietal level.","geographic_range_description":"Native of se. Asia, s. Asia, and possibly e. Africa. See Nelson (1993) for first report from South Carolina.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr10":"no","Attr11":"g,p","Attr12":"me","Attr13":"3Bw14,3Bw7","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 1-11","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le","Attr7":"t","Attr8":"1","Attr9":"p"},"habitat_description":"Pinelands, grassy roadsides, pastures. An extremely aggressive and dangerous weed, now well-established and rapidly invading fire-maintained Coastal Plain areas (such as longleaf pine and slash pine flatwoods and longleaf pine clayhills) on the Gulf Coastal Plain of FL, AL, and MS.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":7,"identification_notes":"Imperata cylindrica has long yellow-green leaves with an obviously off-center midrib and slightly serrated margins. These leaves are roughly 1-2 cm wide and can grow to over 1.5 m tall. This height means that cogongrass often stands out from surrounding vegetation, making it easy to spot from a distance. The panicle is silvery white in color, fuzzy like cotton, cylindrical in shape, and is usually no longer than 8” in length. The stem is typically hidden by the leaves but can be easily observed in smaller specimens.","phenology_source_text":"Feb-May (-Nov).","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"UPL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= FNA25, HC, K1, K4, NS, POWO; = Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois var. cylindrica — Ward (2004c); = n/a — C, RAB, S, S13, Tat; Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois — FlGr, Hall (1998)]"}},"forest_service":{"identity_basis":"Exact existing catalog or state-source name","matched_name":"Imperata cylindrica","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:42:51.887489+00:00","scope":"Source botanical description; original units and scope retained","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"Fire Effects Information System: Imperata cylindrica","source_sha256":"79dc767b240c639b589f8b4e8c7cdc0a04b25839467d9dfa97268f388c446ed7","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/impspp","trait_evidence":[{"catalog_id":"nc:imperata-cylindrica","field":"height_description","height_description":"Cogongrass grows to 3 feet (1 m) in height [25,105].","life_stage":"general_botanical_description","matched_name":"Imperata cylindrica","paragraph_sha256":"28c0aef506d110be6a2b11927c00bdff809cac7a32565285d2a2ce348a35238c","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:42:51.887489+00:00","review_status":"reviewed","source_quote":"Cogongrass grows to 3 feet (1 m) in height [25,105]. Leaves are mostly basal, growing from the rhizomes. Basal leaves are 0.4 to 0.8 inch (1-2 cm) wide [43]. A few small upper leaves occur on the pedestal [25,105]. The leaves have a characteristic white midrib that is set off-center. Being high in silica [26], cogongrass leaves are coarse in texture [26,160]. The inflorescence is a dense, 4- to 8-inch (10-20 cm) panicle of paired spikelets. Spikelets are unawned with long (~12 mm), silky hairs [25,105]. The seeds are small (1-1.3 mm long) [74,75].","source_section":"Imperata brasiliensis, I. cylindrica, Brazilian satintail, cogongrass / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"79dc767b240c639b589f8b4e8c7cdc0a04b25839467d9dfa97268f388c446ed7","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Imperata cylindrica","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/impspp"}],"values":{"height_description":"Cogongrass grows to 3 feet (1 m) in height [25,105]."}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Imperata cylindrica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:37:13.576381+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"b7240dd7284e94fc97de97e9eac51171723339699e4b00619d3bfcdef93eb1d7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:2d5b00ab4655e6f3f19f79aeae74c38867e39d699f841af23f64ca4ae213fa80","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:13.576381+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","source_sha256":"b7240dd7284e94fc97de97e9eac51171723339699e4b00619d3bfcdef93eb1d7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d3ad590-4a9c-5780-86e1-bceeddf3a5b3","value":["5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:30157cdb7520bdcc063eb8748f19117eb0b401910fe41d4050501fcb50eb0db1","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:13.576381+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","source_sha256":"b7240dd7284e94fc97de97e9eac51171723339699e4b00619d3bfcdef93eb1d7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d3ad590-4a9c-5780-86e1-bceeddf3a5b3","value":{"max":4,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:446b7bd971b7f657fbfa7e5c51133d30d0dc92f4b3c5f1d4779e67af88ae87b4","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:13.576381+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","source_sha256":"b7240dd7284e94fc97de97e9eac51171723339699e4b00619d3bfcdef93eb1d7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d3ad590-4a9c-5780-86e1-bceeddf3a5b3","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:a0bdbdfd1e5b4c8230a3eb1486c7c9f8d32a5cff2230b54ed99d7c20a8b3ab2b","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:13.576381+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","source_sha256":"b7240dd7284e94fc97de97e9eac51171723339699e4b00619d3bfcdef93eb1d7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d3ad590-4a9c-5780-86e1-bceeddf3a5b3","value":["Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:fabd3bfd4fe9c3eaef882d62fe786a107ce0098e36bdf6fe0078369d2ea30091","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:13.576381+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","source_sha256":"b7240dd7284e94fc97de97e9eac51171723339699e4b00619d3bfcdef93eb1d7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d3ad590-4a9c-5780-86e1-bceeddf3a5b3","value":{"max":4,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:fdad37519f97ce786c709ea9037778fffbd9b90f40200515b6fb2623997aff80","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:13.576381+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","source_sha256":"b7240dd7284e94fc97de97e9eac51171723339699e4b00619d3bfcdef93eb1d7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/imperata-cylindrica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d3ad590-4a9c-5780-86e1-bceeddf3a5b3","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry"]}],"values":{"hardiness_zones":["5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"height_description":"2–4 feet","life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry"],"spread_description":"2–4 feet"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Imperata cylindrica","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1033"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Imperata cylindrica","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:I PB:I PB:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to Georgia","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Imperata cylindrica","taxon_id":"taxon:1d3ad590-4a9c-5780-86e1-bceeddf3a5b3","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"inat-35345977","src":"/api/photos/image/7e4dbd29d28b49f323688ad4dcc86449c925381ed64998b55688f0749333e69c.jpeg","view":"bloom","alt":"Imperata cylindrica — flower photograph","width":243,"height":500,"artist":"(c) 蜻蜓, some rights reserved (CC BY)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/35345977","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding."}]}