Bird
Merlin
Falco columbarius
A winter visitor to Florida, found in all 67 counties and 18 habitats.
- Here
- Winter
- Nesting
- Not known to nest here
- Range
- All 67 counties
- Habitats
- 18

At a glance
- Group
- Birds
- Here
- Winter
- Nesting
- Not known to nest here
- Range
- All 67 counties
- Habitats
- 18
- Habitat models
- Winter
Where it lives
The places its habitat model includes. It is not found everywhere a habitat occurs.
Habitats in Florida 18
Each habitat page lists the plants and wildlife also found there.






Depression ponds and limesinks
Shallow ponds in Coastal Plain depressions, such as limesinks and the ponds in some Carolina bays, that rise and fall with the seasons.
Disturbed and introduced wetlands
Wet ground taken over by weedy or introduced plants after disturbance, such as common reed, Chinese tallow or tamarisk stands; the upland counterpart is roadsides, fields and disturbed ground.
Evergreen scrub oaks, sand pine and rosemary on deep, white, drought-prone sand ridges, burned rarely but intensely; distinct from the longleaf and turkey oak sandhills.
Marshes along tidal rivers where the water is fresh but rises and falls with the tide.
Tidal forests and thickets of red, black and white mangrove along sheltered tropical and subtropical shores.
Salt-pruned forests and shrub thickets behind coastal dunes.
Open, grass-dominated places kept open by fire, grazing or thin soil, from tallgrass prairie to Piedmont prairies.
Roadsides, fields and disturbed ground
Ground opened by people: roadsides, old fields, pastures, fencerows and lots.
Coastal marshes flooded by salty or brackish tides.
Dry, deep-sand ridges with longleaf pine and turkey oak, kept open by fire.
Places where groundwater keeps the soil or rock wet, such as seepage slopes and spring runs.
Open, wet, grassy or sedgy ground that is not a bog.
Other habitats in its models (35)
Land cover, or classes with no habitat page in Florida. Those recorded in Florida first, the rest by region.
In Florida 1
- South Florida Pine Rockland Winter.
Elsewhere in the South (19)
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Embayed Region Tidal Freshwater Marsh Winter.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Embayed Region Tidal Salt and Brackish Marsh Winter.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Tidal Wooded Swamp Winter.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Peatland Pocosin Winter.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Xeric River Dune Winter.
- Central and Upper Texas Coast Dune and Coastal Grassland Winter.
- Mississippi River Bottomland Depression Winter.
- South Texas Lomas Winter.
- Southern Blackland Tallgrass Prairie Winter.
- Southern Piedmont Glade and Barrens Winter.
- Southern Rocky Mountain Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Winter.
- Texas Coastal Bend Beach Winter.
- Texas Saline Coastal Prairie Winter.
- Texas-Louisiana Coastal Prairie Winter.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Catahoula Barrens Winter.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Nepheline Syenite Glade Winter.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Calcareous Prairie Winter.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall Winter.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Calcareous Prairie Winter.
Northeast (3)
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Fresh and Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Winter.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Sandy Beach Winter.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Tidal Salt Marsh Winter.
West (1)
- North American Arid West Emergent Marsh Winter.
Land cover and other classes (11)
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Clay-Based Carolina Bay Herbaceous Wetland Winter.
- Developed, Low Intensity Winter.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Black Belt Calcareous Prairie and Woodland - Herbaceous Modifier Winter.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Open Understory Modifier Winter.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Depression Pondshore Winter.
- Recently Chained Pinyon-Juniper Areas Winter.
- South Texas Dune and Coastal Grassland Winter.
- South Texas Sand Sheet Grassland Winter.
- Texas-Louisiana Coastal Prairie Slough Winter.
- Unconsolidated Shore Winter.
- Unconsolidated Shore (Lake/River/Pond) Winter.
Seasons in Florida
- Winter: does not nest here, in all 67 counties.
Also found in its main habitats
Its main habitats in Florida, by how much of its habitat model each one is, with the birds most characteristic of each and the plants that grow wild there. Shared habitat, not food.
Merlin uses many habitats in Florida; these are its 3 most characteristic.
Coastal dunes and beaches
Birds 109
- Bridled TernOnychoprion anaethetus
- Black-throated Green WarblerDendroica virens
- Masked BoobySula dactylatra
- Sooty TernOnychoprion fuscatus
- Brown NoddyAnous stolidus
- Great Black-backed GullLarus marinus
- Horned LarkEremophila alpestris
- Marbled GodwitLimosa fedoa
- Rock PigeonColumba livia
- Roseate TernSterna dougallii
- Antillean NighthawkChordeiles gundlachii
- Cave SwallowPetrochelidon fulva
Plants 187
- Railroad VineIpomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis
- Beach Morning-gloryIpomoea imperati
- Godfrey's Golden AsterChrysopsis godfreyi
- Seabeach KnotweedPolygonum glaucum
- Garber's SandmatEuphorbia garberi
- Sanddune SpurgeEuphorbia trichotoma
- Northern Seaside SpurgeEuphorbia polygonifolia
- Southern Seaside SpurgeEuphorbia bombensis
- Agalinis harperiAgalinis harperi
- Mound-lily YuccaYucca gloriosa
- BeachstarCyperus pedunculatus
- BaybeanCanavalia rosea
Salt and brackish marshes
Birds 75
- Marbled GodwitLimosa fedoa
- Common TernSterna hirundo
- Short-billed DowitcherLimnodromus griseus
- Wilson's PloverCharadrius wilsonia
- Blue-headed VireoVireo solitarius
- Greater ScaupAythya marila
- Red KnotCalidris canutus
- SanderlingCalidris alba
- Sandwich TernThalasseus sandvicensis
- Seaside SparrowAmmodramus maritimus
- Gull-billed TernGelochelidon nilotica
- Piping PloverCharadrius melodus
Plants 56
- Perennial Saltmarsh AsterSymphyotrichum tenuifolium
- Wand LoosestrifeLythrum lineare
- Sea OxeyeBorrichia frutescens
- Cyperus planifoliusCyperus planifolius
- Delta BulrushSchoenoplectus deltarum
- Olney's ThreesquareSchoenoplectus americanus
- Saltmarsh CordgrassSpartina alterniflora
- Whorled DropseedSporobolus pyramidatus
- ShoregrassDistichlis littoralis
- Perennial GlasswortSalicornia ambigua
- Godfrey's SpiderlilyHymenocallis godfreyi
- Smallfruit BeggarticksBidens mitis
Swamps
Birds 70
- Black-throated Blue WarblerDendroica caerulescens
- Louisiana WaterthrushSeiurus motacilla
- Northern Saw-whet OwlAegolius acadicus
- Rose-breasted GrosbeakPheucticus ludovicianus
- Blue-headed VireoVireo solitarius
- Kentucky WarblerOporornis formosus
- Swainson's WarblerLimnothlypis swainsonii
- White-crowned PigeonPatagioenas leucocephala
- Mangrove CuckooCoccyzus minor
- White-breasted NuthatchSitta carolinensis
- Yellow-throated WarblerDendroica dominica
- Acadian FlycatcherEmpidonax virescens
Plants 353
- May HawthornCrataegus aestivalis
- Carolina AshFraxinus caroliniana
- Water HickoryCarya aquatica
- Bent SedgeCarex styloflexa
- Cypress-swamp SedgeCarex joorii
- Dark-green SedgeCarex venusta
- Ravenfoot SedgeCarex crus-corvi
- Weak Stellate SedgeCarex seorsa
- White-edge SedgeCarex debilis
- Iris hexagonaIris hexagona
- Swamp ButtercupRanunculus hispidus var. nitidus
- Drooping BulrushScirpus lineatus
Sources
- USGS Gap Analysis Project habitat models (2001)
- USGS GAP winter habitat model for Merlin
- USGS Gap Analysis Project range maps (2001), modeled by watershed; migratory gives no dates
- NatureServe Explorer (CC BY 4.0), habitat names
- US Census TIGER/Line counties
- Names follow the USGS Gap Analysis Project (2001)




















































