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First reported for North Carolina by Leonard (1971b); reported for numerous counties in the Georgia Coastal Plain (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009). The nativity of this species in our region is uncertain."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2176,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= HC, POWO, S, Zuloaga & Aliscioni (2023); = n/a — RAB; Panicum repens L. — Ar, Bah, ETx1, FlGr, FNA25, GW1, K1, K4, NS, SFla, Tx, WH3]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2176,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Panicum sensu stricto."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2176,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2176,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2176,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Water","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2176,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2176,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,","Attr10":"no","Attr11":"p","Attr12":"ha,mh","Attr13":"3Bw14,3Bw7","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Water,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_sc_pd:n,","Attr4":" 4-11","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le","Attr7":"l,t","Attr8":"1","Attr9":"g"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Panicum sensu stricto.","geographic_range_description":"Native of Europe and Africa. First reported for North Carolina by Leonard (1971b); reported for numerous counties in the Georgia Coastal Plain (Carter, Baker, & Morris 2009). The nativity of this species in our region is uncertain.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,","Attr10":"no","Attr11":"p","Attr12":"ha,mh","Attr13":"3Bw14,3Bw7","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Water,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_sc_pd:n,","Attr4":" 4-11","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le","Attr7":"l,t","Attr8":"1","Attr9":"g"},"habitat_description":"Ditches, roadbanks, disturbed coastal sands, in areas where ship's ballast was deposited.","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Water","Wet"],"heliophily_index":9,"regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= HC, POWO, S, Zuloaga & Aliscioni (2023); = n/a — RAB; Panicum repens L. — Ar, Bah, ETx1, FlGr, FNA25, GW1, K1, K4, NS, SFla, Tx, WH3]"}},"forest_service":{"identity_basis":"Exact existing catalog or state-source name","matched_name":"Panicum repens","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:43:06.475027+00:00","scope":"Source botanical description; original units and scope retained","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"Fire Effects Information System: Panicum repens","source_sha256":"aaf576ec5207f1c1d5cd8fdb1b60b6cc385b034f1956b90c5fcc47b8d362c7ee","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/panrep","trait_evidence":[{"catalog_id":"nc:panicum-repens","field":"height_description","height_description":"Torpedo grass is a perennial grass growing up to 3 feet (1 m) tall from sturdy, widely creeping or floating rhizomes [65].","life_stage":"general_botanical_description","matched_name":"Panicum repens","paragraph_sha256":"414d2c7ddb50b27caac20a8daf9296c784ca9c1b08746ca66f3ccde83887e01a","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:43:06.475027+00:00","review_status":"reviewed","source_quote":"Torpedo grass is a perennial grass growing up to 3 feet (1 m) tall from sturdy, widely creeping or floating rhizomes [65]. Culms are erect or leaning [65]. Leaf sheaths are hairy and leaf blades are stiff, linear, flat, or folded with an often waxy or whitish surface [69]. Inflorescences are loose, open, terminal panicles, 3 to 9 inches (7-22 cm) long, with erect or ascending branches. Spikelets are 2 to 3 mm long and about 1 mm wide [65]. Fruits are lanceolate, straw-colored caryopses [105]. Seeds are 2.2 to 3.1 mm long, white, and smooth [37].","source_section":"Panicum repens, torpedo grass / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"aaf576ec5207f1c1d5cd8fdb1b60b6cc385b034f1956b90c5fcc47b8d362c7ee","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Panicum repens","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/panrep"}],"values":{"height_description":"Torpedo grass is a perennial grass growing up to 3 feet (1 m) tall from sturdy, widely creeping or floating rhizomes [65]."}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"N","matched_name":"Panicum repens","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1652"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"FL","source":"fl_invasive","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Panicum repens","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"HI:I L48:I PB:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Panicum repens","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.131742/Panicum_repens"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"fl_atlas","explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier.","label":"Not native to Florida","provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Panicum repens","taxon_id":"taxon:2b44fa4c-6620-52ad-8e6e-55873e1e0075","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[{"id":"panicum-repens-6141092","src":"/api/photos/image/ef0a2af1c88132e81aec9bad736bd57e5d450028953f25d8074378e7f863fb0e.jpg","view":"whole","alt":"Panicum repens — whole photograph","width":960,"height":720,"artist":"Forest & Kim Starr","license":"CC BY 3.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_050902-4373_Panicum_repens.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching","kind":"photo"}]}