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Pennsylvania west to Illinois, south to n. Florida and se. and c. Louisiana.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 5-8","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Mesic to xeric deciduous forests, especially dry-mesic to xeric oak-hickory and oak-pine forests, and also often in sandhill/pocosin ecotones.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":4,"identification_notes":"Oxydendrum arboreum is an especially characteristic understory tree of upland forests of the Piedmont and lower Mountains. The bark is dark grayish-brown and fairly deeply furrowed; the tree often has a characteristic lean (toward a former canopy light-gap). The finely serrate, elliptic leaves are distinctive, with the sour taste of garden sorrel ( Acetosa vulgaris ), sheep sorrel ( Acetosa acetosella ), or wood sorrel ( Oxalis spp.).","phenology_source_text":"Jun-Jul; Sep-Oct.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"UPL"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= C, F, Fl5, FNA8, G, Il, K1, K4, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, S, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WH3, WV, Luteyn et al (1996); = Oxydendron arboreum (L.) DC. — S13, orthographic variant]"}},"ncsu_fruit_archive":{"archive":"reports/care-audit-2026-10-09/sources/oxydendrum-arboreum.html","identity_basis":"Exact page heading","matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","retrieved":"2026-10-09","scope":"Species profile fruit display season; not a local ripening date","source_field":"Fruit: Display/Harvest Time","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"0c2dbe9341752abb39022442a87a61a81ed399106d02f49ae2dd240c500bec72","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/oxydendrum-arboreum/","source_value":["Fall"],"values":{"fruit_season_begin":"Fall","fruit_season_end":"Fall"}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":65298,"values":{"bloom_season":"Early Summer","flower_color":"White","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Summer","fruit_season_end":"Fall","growth_architecture":"Single Stem","growth_rate":"Slow","height_ft":35,"leaf_retention":"No"}},"ut_smart_yards":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","modified":"2015-04-22T18:39:14+00:00","page_id":"10522","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/trees/scientific-name/sourwood-sorrel-tree-lily-of-the-valley-tree/","values":{"light":["Full to part sun"],"moisture_categories":["medium to moderately dry"]}},"virginia_coastal":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:37.533960+00:00","row_top":908.6803,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Coastal Plain","source_sha256":"c7dc029781c9ba41743547b5b3234bbe1c4c027e3137534abdc4b4fe2cf39612","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/cp-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Partial sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Moderate"]}},"virginia_piedmont":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:36.632111+00:00","row_top":889.5996,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Piedmont","source_sha256":"cb946fa6b7fa4ad5694d1debe04b04c392bc7389af2321eeab1ebcff381a5be3","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/pied-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Partial sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Moderate"]}}},"light_range":["deep shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","flag":"Y","matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/861"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Se. and sw. Pennsylvania west to Illinois, south to n. Florida and se. and c. Louisiana.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.floridafieldguide"},{"basis":"native range text names Florida","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Se. and sw. Pennsylvania west to Illinois, south to n. Florida and se. and c. Louisiana.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.floridafieldguide"},{"basis":"native range text names Florida","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. and sw. Pennsylvania west to Illinois, south to n. Florida and se. and c. Louisiana.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S3S4","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.150848/Oxydendrum_arboreum"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"fl_atlas","explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","label":"Native to Florida (state-specific source)","provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"native_supported"},"source_name":"Oxydendrum arboreum","taxon_id":"taxon:a898841e-644d-5945-b38a-06b8f2ebc6c4","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[{"id":"refresh-commons-119927548","src":"/api/photos/image/628c839d45fd10d59d98186f063c9b12ae24ef8adbf33d825c661a7df790b35f.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Oxydendrum arboreum — bloom photograph","width":1280,"height":960,"artist":"Agnieszka Kwiecień, Nova","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oxydendrum_arboreum_Kwa%C5%9Bnodrzew_ameryka%C5%84ski_2019-07-20_03.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia Commons resized image.","kind":"photo"},{"id":"recovery-ncsu-oxydendrum-arboreum-35892","src":"/api/photos/image/49597dceac02d1569843bbe2062e5dfc9df693915df79c762a71ad885a77917b.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Oxydendrum arboreum — bloom photograph","width":1024,"height":683,"artist":"Cathy DeWitt","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/oxydendrum-arboreum/","changes":"Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.","kind":"photo"},{"id":"fiveviews-inat-749760769","src":"/api/photos/image/6611872c7347ab4607c80416ce97b3f481e935e684855ad97f26dd7a924bb034.jpg","view":"whole","alt":"Oxydendrum arboreum — whole plant","width":771,"height":1024,"artist":"no rights reserved","license":"CC0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/749760769","changes":"iNaturalist large rendition; uncropped, no retouching.","kind":"photo"},{"id":"fiveviews-inat-355230626","src":"/api/photos/image/b9f1a6cbd727556bae4fb4fb9be0cea3e9877555f92a1ee72204e1498f7d6cc7.jpg","view":"fruit","alt":"Oxydendrum arboreum — fruit and seed heads","width":1024,"height":686,"artist":"(c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/355230626","changes":"iNaturalist large rendition; uncropped, no retouching.","kind":"photo"},{"id":"fiveviews-inat-642127964","src":"/api/photos/image/ad79240e25df346453eb233e88f0cb535e62273d172852ed1f1b73a812070f04.jpg","view":"leaf","alt":"Oxydendrum arboreum — leaf detail","width":768,"height":1024,"artist":"no rights reserved","license":"CC0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/642127964","changes":"iNaturalist large rendition; uncropped, no retouching.","kind":"photo"}]}