{"assessment":{"band":"Strong","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Opuntia drummondii"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established Florida range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":0,"baseline_score":77,"composite":0.848,"insect_support":{"credit":0,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.9286600496277916,"birds":0.826302729528536,"caterpillars":0.8008684863523573,"specialists":0.9640198511166254,"structure":0.75},"rank_pct":0.842,"raw":{"bees":25,"birds":4,"caterpillars":12,"genus_used":null,"specialists":5,"structure":["Shrub","Subshrub"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_supported","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using Florida host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Florida percentile","score":77,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":"SNR"},"source_ids":["lep_fl","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:b1ae4f722d9cea50b957bc779f84ec4a9ee78688b1f9a00e0634f5c08e5a1b6e","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:025d30cd438fd0bc58882ad956d4fb7c6fbbee357877be7c3810672ab1cbdc88","levels":[1],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,1],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Shrub","Subshrub"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_supported"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["12003","12005","12029","12031","12033","12037","12039","12045","12057","12065","12075","12077","12089","12091","12103","12109","12113","12115","12121","12131"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["12003","12005","12029","12031","12033","12037","12039","12045","12057","12065","12075","12077","12089","12091","12103","12109","12113","12115","12121","12131"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"fl_atlas","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","flag":"Y","matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3656"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Florida","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_south_central","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Florida","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Florida","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Florida edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":4450,"scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"}],"native_explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC, NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program), Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition.","native_provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"native_status":"native_supported","package_native_status":"native_supported","source_ids":["fl_atlas:FL:3656"],"source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_refs":["fl_atlas","gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3656","state_rank":"SNR"},"source_refs":["fl_atlas","gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3656","state_rank":{"value":"SNR"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[1,1],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 3 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Strong","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:b1ae4f722d9cea50b957bc779f84ec4a9ee78688b1f9a00e0634f5c08e5a1b6e","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:025d30cd438fd0bc58882ad956d4fb7c6fbbee357877be7c3810672ab1cbdc88","levels":[1],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,1],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["01003","01013","01035","01047","01053","01063","01091","01111","01119","01123","01129","12003","12005","12029","12031","12033","12037","12039","12045","12057","12065","12075","12077","12089","12091","12103","12109","12113","12115","12121","12131","37055","37129","37133"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[1,1],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 3 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":77,"state":"FL"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"botanical_review_primary_flower_color":{"matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","review_decision":{"reason":"Single consistent flower-color category across the main reference sources; normalization of existing observations, not a fresh anatomical verification.","sources":["opuntia-drummondii--ncsu_sitemap"],"status":"source_recorded","value":"yellow"},"review_note":"Single consistent flower-color category across the main reference sources; normalization of existing observations, not a fresh anatomical verification.","review_sources":[{"approved_for_correction":true,"evidence_kind":"existing_structured_source_observation","excerpt":"{\"flower_color\": [\"Gold/Yellow\"], \"light\": [\"Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)\"]}","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_record_id":null,"title":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/"}],"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","values":{"primary_flower_color":"yellow"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_record_id":4450,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Dunes on barrier islands, less commonly inland on river-associated sands and on granite outcrops."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine sands, and rarely on granite outcrops (often associated with O. mesacantha ssp. mesacantha )"},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Apr-Jun; Aug-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= K4, POWO, RAB, Majure et al (2017); = Opuntia pusilla (Haw.) Haw. — Fl5, FNA4, K1, NS, WH3, Doyle (1990), Ward (2009e), Weniger (1984), apparently misapplied; > Opuntia drummondii Graham — S, Britton & Rose (1937); > Opuntia frustulenta Gibbes; > Opuntia pes-corvi Leconte ex Engelm. — S13; > Opuntia pusilla (Haw.) Haw. — Britton & Rose (1937); > Opuntia tracyi Britton — S, S13, Britton & Rose (1937)]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":"As mentioned by Small (1933) and Radford, Ahles, & Bell (1968), this little cactus (mostly of coastal dunes) is inconspicuous and often becomes attached by its retrorsely barbed-spines to the pants or shoes of people walking through the dunes. It can inflict painful wounds, the spines not easily removed from flesh or clothing because of the retrorse barbs. O. drummondii sometimes forms hybrid swarms with O. mesacantha on coastal dunes (see Y for additional discussion). O. drummondii is easily separated from other species in the eastern US by the production of very small cladodes with strongly retrorsely barbed spines; the cladodes easily disarticulate at the nodes and are often dispersed vegetatively forming clones of the parent plants. This species most often has fibrous root systems but sometimes produces small tubers as well. O. drummondii is most easily confused with O. nemoralis Griffiths of coastal w. LA, AR, MO, and TX. Intermediates between O. drummondii and O. mesacantha ssp. mesacantha have been found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and on granite in n. GA. Found throughout the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, but mostly absent from the FL peninsula, forming a disjunction between the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. A species with diploid, triploid, and tetraploid populations (2 n =22, 33, 44)."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr11","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr10":"A","Attr11":"G","Attr12":"AS,Z","Attr13":"CU","Attr14":"Y","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 3-7","Attr5":"S","Attr6":"A","Attr7":"S","Attr8":"F","Attr9":"D"}},{"field":"fruit_season_begin","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":"August"},{"field":"fruit_season_end","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":"October"},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4450,"source_table":"Organism","value":"April to June"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"April to June","botanical_comments":"As mentioned by Small (1933) and Radford, Ahles, & Bell (1968), this little cactus (mostly of coastal dunes) is inconspicuous and often becomes attached by its retrorsely barbed-spines to the pants or shoes of people walking through the dunes. It can inflict painful wounds, the spines not easily removed from flesh or clothing because of the retrorse barbs. O. drummondii sometimes forms hybrid swarms with O. mesacantha on coastal dunes (see Y for additional discussion). O. drummondii is easily separated from other species in the eastern US by the production of very small cladodes with strongly retrorsely barbed spines; the cladodes easily disarticulate at the nodes and are often dispersed vegetatively forming clones of the parent plants. This species most often has fibrous root systems but sometimes produces small tubers as well. O. drummondii is most easily confused with O. nemoralis Griffiths of coastal w. LA, AR, MO, and TX. Intermediates between O. drummondii and O. mesacantha ssp. mesacantha have been found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and on granite in n. GA. Found throughout the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, but mostly absent from the FL peninsula, forming a disjunction between the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. A species with diploid, triploid, and tetraploid populations (2 n =22, 33, 44).","fruit_season_begin":"August","fruit_season_end":"October","geographic_range_description":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine sands, and rarely on granite outcrops (often associated with O. mesacantha ssp. mesacantha )","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr11","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr10":"A","Attr11":"G","Attr12":"AS,Z","Attr13":"CU","Attr14":"Y","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 3-7","Attr5":"S","Attr6":"A","Attr7":"S","Attr8":"F","Attr9":"D"},"habitat_description":"Dunes on barrier islands, less commonly inland on river-associated sands and on granite outcrops.","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":9,"phenology_source_text":"Apr-Jun; Aug-Oct.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= K4, POWO, RAB, Majure et al (2017); = Opuntia pusilla (Haw.) Haw. — Fl5, FNA4, K1, NS, WH3, Doyle (1990), Ward (2009e), Weniger (1984), apparently misapplied; > Opuntia drummondii Graham — S, Britton & Rose (1937); > Opuntia frustulenta Gibbes; > Opuntia pes-corvi Leconte ex Engelm. — S13; > Opuntia pusilla (Haw.) Haw. — Britton & Rose (1937); > Opuntia tracyi Britton — S, S13, Britton & Rose (1937)]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:1a958e292d632f4d5dfb5579ae0ad5343567174b9b48b49383fcce7dd7ac58e4","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:04c59815-cbd3-5682-88d2-b29d2ec08050","value":{"max":1,"min":0.3333,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:7be87b0ba0418e3f4c98053258943246c97a5da95d25dfaffa5c30298f0c4c9f","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:04c59815-cbd3-5682-88d2-b29d2ec08050","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:ab96fcc88fdce931423f9a49f2a2f924a9e006596fc724991cf38ae3a94855bb","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:04c59815-cbd3-5682-88d2-b29d2ec08050","value":["Occasionally Dry"]},{"expected_source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:b64f6debb7da412e61e0084563388b411de0d666f99eeb30c5ff6aaca498bed8","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:04c59815-cbd3-5682-88d2-b29d2ec08050","value":{"max":1.5,"min":1,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:c62a7f97c34acc0c898498c4b7d789e5b9bc5e3e3f8034f7f3265ef7cf211d1e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:04c59815-cbd3-5682-88d2-b29d2ec08050","value":["8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:ce9d7460ea09e6d0ddb63ba3ed425b12f6bb210a9f14d9aaf0e21bcd3ee1f988","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:04c59815-cbd3-5682-88d2-b29d2ec08050","value":["Gold/Yellow"]},{"expected_source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:d9ba3ac566e3501e5e755f1f6fe80c692957c06c1826bd187b663b75feefcfc8","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:37.692527+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","source_sha256":"75f736185296c464274ea8026e7135aa4bd1232102360589b0479829723b8894","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/opuntia-drummondii/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:04c59815-cbd3-5682-88d2-b29d2ec08050","value":["Perennial"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Gold/Yellow"],"hardiness_zones":["8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b"],"height_description":"0.3333–1 feet","life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"],"moisture_categories":["Occasionally Dry"],"spread_description":"1–1.5 feet"}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","flag":"Y","matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3656"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Florida","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_south_central","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Florida","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Florida","claim":"native","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Ne. North Carolina south to s. Florida, west to s. Mississippi; also inland on dry sands from sc. North Carolina to Mississippi; disjunct in coastal New Jersey and Delaware. This species is found most commonly along coastal dune systems and Gulf Coast barrier islands but also inland along riverine s","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Opuntia drummondii","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Florida edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":4450,"scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"fl_atlas","explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC, NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program), Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition.","label":"Native to Florida (state-specific source)","provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"native_supported"},"source_name":"Opuntia drummondii","taxon_id":"taxon:04c59815-cbd3-5682-88d2-b29d2ec08050","revision":"publish:cdb975f5-333c-4482-92bd-514ef43ee9c3","photos":[{"id":"inat-296704827","src":"/api/photos/image/39b610a3eb428c964624dd852dba7e04ef785043ee779c0bd0c0457437cd6da9.jpg","view":"whole","alt":"Opuntia drummondii — whole photograph","width":375,"height":500,"artist":"no rights reserved","license":"CC0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/296704827","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.","kind":"photo"}]}