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In the juvenile phase, individual bull thistle plants form a single rosette with a taproot up to 28 inches (70 cm) long. Rosettes may develop up to 3.3 feet (1 m) in diameter. The taproot does not spread, but develops several smaller lateral roots. Stems have spiny wings and grow 1 to 6.6 feet (0.3 to 2 m) tall, with many spreading branches, and sometimes a single stem. Bull thistle stem leaves are more or less lance-shaped and 3 to 12 inches (7.6-30 cm) long, prickly hairy on the top and very hairy underneath. Lobes on leaves are tipped with stout spines. Bull thistle flowerheads are 1.5 to 2 inches (3.8 to 5 cm) in diameter, 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) long, usually solitary, and more or less clustered at the ends of shoots and branches. Flowers are subtended by narrow, spine-tipped bracts. Bull thistle fruits are achenes, 1/16th-inch (0.15 cm) long, with a long, hairy plume that is easily detached.","source_section":"Cirsium vulgare, bull thistle / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"e7add3ef9eae54d5c31636776c1f50df62782b2e96931ea351d385d58361ca5c","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Cirsium vulgare","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/cirvul"}],"values":{"height_description":"1 to 6.6 feet (0.3 to 2 m) tall"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Cirsium vulgare","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:32:45.209379+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"9f0a8a8ebd11ceb9dc090a229738cb9394bd640546d27e75f6b3806bb2b11191","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/bull-thistle","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Cirsium vulgare","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:383e5b5abab4f1f5251ec65f8f0c006eab4c0392bcf3b96678739bb725cf36b8","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:45.209379+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cirsium vulgare","source_sha256":"5f7f32b1e94337ebad297aba01d243afc47d541a72ede46aca26347412eef7c7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cirsium-vulgare/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:303041dd-1b83-5fbb-9972-111f64cef0a2","value":["3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cirsium vulgare","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:ee978215dd26956126489ec582d9edcb0fc1369b396c5c0f5aa71c9e7c99200d","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:13.402643+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cirsium vulgare","source_sha256":"5f7f32b1e94337ebad297aba01d243afc47d541a72ede46aca26347412eef7c7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cirsium-vulgare/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:303041dd-1b83-5fbb-9972-111f64cef0a2","value":["Moist"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Pink","Purple/Lavender"],"hardiness_zones":["3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b"],"leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Biennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"N","matched_name":"Cirsium vulgare","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/190"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Cirsium vulgare","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:I HI:I L48:I SPM:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"range text names a native range outside North America","claim":"introduced","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Native of Europe.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide"},{"basis":"range text names a native range outside North America","claim":"introduced","scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Native of Europe.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.floridafieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Cirsium vulgare","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.157401/Cirsium_vulgare"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"fl_atlas","explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier. 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