{"assessment":{"band":"Severe harm","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":null,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Category II","listed":true,"rank":2,"scientific_name":"Cenchrus setaceus (Pennisetum setaceum)","state":"FL","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in Florida; do not plant. Uses the shared severity scale applied to the sourced state invasive category.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Florida percentile","score":-55,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"2","native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Source Severe/Significant Threat category mapped to the identically named shared severity category; not an ecological effect-size equivalence","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:6cb35292c34474cf4aa503499880b77bc15e9f317390c14d8aa594b15dd322e0","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:e9a567888f5625dcd199c6d87f2a508bf0b4737db51dffa1d57ff1a681e4c83c","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["12009","12021","12033","12057","12071","12083","12085","12086","12087","12099","12103","12127"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["12009","12021","12033","12057","12071","12083","12085","12086","12087","12099","12103","12127"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Category II","listed":true,"rank":2,"scientific_name":"Cenchrus setaceus (Pennisetum setaceum)","state":"FL","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"}],"invasive_rank":2,"native":false,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"fl_atlas","native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"N","matched_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/125"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"FL","source":"fl_invasive","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Florida edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"introduced","record_id":2236,"scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Pennisetum setaceum","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148933/Pennisetum_setaceum"}],"native_explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value.","native_provenance":{"flags":["filled_down"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"native_status":"not_native","package_native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["fl_atlas:FL:125"],"source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_refs":["fl_atlas","fl_invasive","gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/125","state_rank":"SNA"},"source_refs":["fl_atlas","fl_invasive","gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/125","state_rank":{"value":"SNA"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Severe harm","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:6cb35292c34474cf4aa503499880b77bc15e9f317390c14d8aa594b15dd322e0","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:e9a567888f5625dcd199c6d87f2a508bf0b4737db51dffa1d57ff1a681e4c83c","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["12009","12021","12033","12057","12071","12083","12085","12086","12087","12099","12103","12127","47093"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-55,"state":"FL"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_record_id":2236,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2236,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Disturbed areas."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2236,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of e. Mediterranean Europe. Reported as an introduction in Florida, Tennessee, and Kentucky (Wipff in FNA 2003a). Well established in Florida, spreading widely from landscape plantings initially, but then moving at distance."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2236,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2236,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= FlGr, K4, POWO, Chemisquy et al (2010), Veldkamp (2014), Verloove (2012); = n/a — C, RAB; = Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. — ETx1, FNA25, HC, K1, NS, WH3; > Cenchrus advena (Wipff & Veldkamp) Morrone — FlGr, K4; > Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone — K4]"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2236,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2236,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2236,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_mt,sc_cp,","Attr10":"a,no","Attr11":"g","Attr12":"mh","Attr13":"3Bw7","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,native_sc_cp:n,","Attr4":" 4-11","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le,mo","Attr7":"t","Attr8":"1","Attr9":"g,p"}},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2236,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May to October"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"May to October","geographic_range_description":"Native of e. Mediterranean Europe. Reported as an introduction in Florida, Tennessee, and Kentucky (Wipff in FNA 2003a). Well established in Florida, spreading widely from landscape plantings initially, but then moving at distance.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_mt,sc_cp,","Attr10":"a,no","Attr11":"g","Attr12":"mh","Attr13":"3Bw7","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,native_sc_cp:n,","Attr4":" 4-11","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le,mo","Attr7":"t","Attr8":"1","Attr9":"g,p"},"habitat_description":"Disturbed areas.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"phenology_source_text":"May-Oct.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= FlGr, K4, POWO, Chemisquy et al (2010), Veldkamp (2014), Verloove (2012); = n/a — C, RAB; = Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. — ETx1, FNA25, HC, K1, NS, WH3; > Cenchrus advena (Wipff & Veldkamp) Morrone — FlGr, K4; > Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone — K4]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:32:50.135621+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"0ddda8e522ada9bc07fefee29c38cc6da7e18f98056fe608b0846efead011ec8","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:17eff96f75431e6eb1143455f3e1ab34bd70d1b63059a62c6ed35db370a9ac05","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:50.135621+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_sha256":"0ddda8e522ada9bc07fefee29c38cc6da7e18f98056fe608b0846efead011ec8","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:49e739c0-c396-5c04-8197-036cbc554e59","value":["Annual"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:37f20c7dc0924133525849f14a25cef527d701f45496bfa8c99d8bd2bffc4197","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:50.135621+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_sha256":"0ddda8e522ada9bc07fefee29c38cc6da7e18f98056fe608b0846efead011ec8","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:49e739c0-c396-5c04-8197-036cbc554e59","value":["9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:5c4d58aa9e6d4cb7d0fd2e4e137f5118f5ff4d724334d46d9acf5fcb1c39a866","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:50.135621+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_sha256":"0ddda8e522ada9bc07fefee29c38cc6da7e18f98056fe608b0846efead011ec8","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:49e739c0-c396-5c04-8197-036cbc554e59","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:7fe9e72a9514045c6ebd6f48eb04cd58bfbc472a0e17431e77cc250193abdc99","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:50.135621+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_sha256":"0ddda8e522ada9bc07fefee29c38cc6da7e18f98056fe608b0846efead011ec8","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:49e739c0-c396-5c04-8197-036cbc554e59","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:8b657a0848b76cfafa94e54fe16a71d52f8c728b44ec2fa248cd7479fb2842ce","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:50.135621+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_sha256":"0ddda8e522ada9bc07fefee29c38cc6da7e18f98056fe608b0846efead011ec8","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:49e739c0-c396-5c04-8197-036cbc554e59","value":{"max":4,"min":3,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:9fd22b775db430f73035db34031ee4819bf60cbb9cdb4f3c4e6c1b941677fd77","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:50.135621+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_sha256":"0ddda8e522ada9bc07fefee29c38cc6da7e18f98056fe608b0846efead011ec8","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:49e739c0-c396-5c04-8197-036cbc554e59","value":["Pink","Purple/Lavender","Red/Burgundy"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:fb3dc85a7c99ea7e00ecc81791a7a869385aeb3175c57faa723110e2865b6090","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:50.135621+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","source_sha256":"0ddda8e522ada9bc07fefee29c38cc6da7e18f98056fe608b0846efead011ec8","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cenchrus-setaceus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:49e739c0-c396-5c04-8197-036cbc554e59","value":{"max":4,"min":3,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"flower_color":["Pink","Purple/Lavender","Red/Burgundy"],"hardiness_zones":["9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b"],"height_description":"3–4 feet","life_cycle":["Annual"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry"],"spread_description":"3–4 feet"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"N","matched_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/125"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"FL","source":"fl_invasive","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Florida edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"introduced","record_id":2236,"scope":"FL","source":"floraquest_florida","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Pennisetum setaceum","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148933/Pennisetum_setaceum"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"fl_atlas","explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value.","label":"Not native to Florida","provenance":{"flags":["filled_down"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Cenchrus setaceus","taxon_id":"taxon:49e739c0-c396-5c04-8197-036cbc554e59","revision":"publish:cdb975f5-333c-4482-92bd-514ef43ee9c3","photos":[{"id":"cenchrus-setaceus-tn-1829-71978318","src":"/api/photos/image/772be5e645ce314f0078537d7a8c68290ed2be2cc0aa540231470a3ede9af308.jpg","view":"fruit","alt":"Cenchrus setaceus — fruit photograph","width":960,"height":1280,"artist":"Forest and Kim Starr","license":"CC BY 3.0 us","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/deed.en","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr-160717-0223-Cenchrus_setaceus-seedheads-Green_Cay_Nature_Center_Boynton_Beach-Florida_(29557264442).jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching","kind":"photo"}]}