{"assessment":{"band":"Severe harm","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":null,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Category II","listed":true,"rank":2,"scientific_name":"Cenchrus polystachios (Pennisetum polystachion)","state":"FL","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in Florida; do not plant. Uses the shared severity scale applied to the sourced state invasive category.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Florida percentile","score":-55,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"2","native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Source Severe/Significant Threat category mapped to the identically named shared severity category; not an ecological effect-size equivalence","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:499599b3a887870fb70bbe29baec3a169a1c5391942be803a6e314b360a553db","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:4694a977637bddd2ce3179ca63e4392cec2f4a98fffb7f6ca8ce30ce376fce2b","levels":[0,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["12021","12055","12057","12071","12099"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["12021","12055","12057","12071","12099"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Category II","listed":true,"rank":2,"scientific_name":"Cenchrus polystachios (Pennisetum polystachion)","state":"FL","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"}],"invasive_rank":2,"native":false,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"fl_atlas","native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"N","matched_name":"Cenchrus polystachios","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/162"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"FL","source":"fl_invasive","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"},{"basis":"range text names a native range outside North America","claim":"introduced","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Native of e. Asia. This species seems to be developing into an invasive species, with increasing reports of its spread into natural areas, as opposed to merely occurring as a waif following cultivation. Reported for Delaware and Maryland, where frequently encountered on roadsides (Longbottom, Naczi,","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Pennisetum alopecuroides","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.147730/Pennisetum_alopecuroides"}],"native_explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC), not this state: FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Weakley).","native_provenance":{"flags":["filled_down"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"native_status":"not_native","package_native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["fl_atlas:FL:162"],"source_name":"Cenchrus polystachios","source_refs":["fl_atlas","fl_invasive","gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/162","state_rank":"SNA"},"source_refs":["fl_atlas","fl_invasive","gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/162","state_rank":{"value":"SNA"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[0,4],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)"},"fit_record":{"band":"Severe harm","condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:499599b3a887870fb70bbe29baec3a169a1c5391942be803a6e314b360a553db","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:4694a977637bddd2ce3179ca63e4392cec2f4a98fffb7f6ca8ce30ce376fce2b","levels":[0,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["12021","12055","12057","12071","12099","51001","51003","51013","51059","51061","51065","51083","51085","51121","51131","51137","51155","51195","51199","51510"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[0,4],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-55,"state":"FL"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Cenchrus purpurascens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Cenchrus purpurascens","source_record_id":2232,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Disturbed areas, roadsides, floodplains, old fields."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of e. Asia. This species seems to be developing into an invasive species, with increasing reports of its spread into natural areas, as opposed to merely occurring as a waif following cultivation. Reported for Delaware and Maryland, where frequently encountered on roadsides (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Sep-Nov."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= NY, Veldkamp (2014), Verloove (2012); = Cenchrus alopecuroides (L.) Thunb. — K4, POWO, illegitimate name; = Cenchrus compressus (Forssk.) Morrone — Chemisquy et al (2010); = n/a — C, RAB, S, Tat; = Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. — Ar, FNA25, HC, Il, K1, Mi, NS, Pa]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The use of the epithet ' alopecuroides ' in Cenchrus , with basionym Panicum alopecuroides Linnaeus 1753, is blocked by Cenchrus alopecuroides Thunberg, a different taxon. The epithet with priority in Cenchrus is C. purpurascens Thunberg."},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_pd,ga_pd,","Attr10":"a,no","Attr11":"g","Attr12":"ha","Attr13":"3Bw14,3Bw7","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 8-12","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le,mo","Attr7":"t","Attr8":"1","Attr9":"g,p"}},{"field":"height_description","source_column":"Text","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_quote":"Panicles with 9-16 fascicles per cm of length; plants 0.3-1.2 m tall","source_record_id":"Lead:91034","source_table":"Lead","value":"0.984252–3.93701 feet"},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2232,"source_table":"Organism","value":"September to November"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"September to November","botanical_comments":"The use of the epithet ' alopecuroides ' in Cenchrus , with basionym Panicum alopecuroides Linnaeus 1753, is blocked by Cenchrus alopecuroides Thunberg, a different taxon. The epithet with priority in Cenchrus is C. purpurascens Thunberg.","geographic_range_description":"Native of e. Asia. This species seems to be developing into an invasive species, with increasing reports of its spread into natural areas, as opposed to merely occurring as a waif following cultivation. Reported for Delaware and Maryland, where frequently encountered on roadsides (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_pd,ga_pd,","Attr10":"a,no","Attr11":"g","Attr12":"ha","Attr13":"3Bw14,3Bw7","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 8-12","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le,mo","Attr7":"t","Attr8":"1","Attr9":"g,p"},"habitat_description":"Disturbed areas, roadsides, floodplains, old fields.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"height_description":"0.984252–3.93701 feet","phenology_source_text":"Sep-Nov.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= NY, Veldkamp (2014), Verloove (2012); = Cenchrus alopecuroides (L.) Thunb. — K4, POWO, illegitimate name; = Cenchrus compressus (Forssk.) Morrone — Chemisquy et al (2010); = n/a — C, RAB, S, Tat; = Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. — Ar, FNA25, HC, Il, K1, Mi, NS, Pa]"}}},"light_range":["deep shade","full sun"],"light_source":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"N","matched_name":"Cenchrus polystachios","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/162"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"FL","source":"fl_invasive","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"},{"basis":"range text names a native range outside North America","claim":"introduced","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Native of e. Asia. This species seems to be developing into an invasive species, with increasing reports of its spread into natural areas, as opposed to merely occurring as a waif following cultivation. Reported for Delaware and Maryland, where frequently encountered on roadsides (Longbottom, Naczi,","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Pennisetum alopecuroides","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.147730/Pennisetum_alopecuroides"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"fl_atlas","explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC), not this state: FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Weakley).","label":"Not native to Florida","provenance":{"flags":["filled_down"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Cenchrus polystachios","taxon_id":"taxon:0506f306-17c6-5454-bd38-81c1dd060089","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[]}