{"assessment":{"band":"Severe harm","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":null,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Category II","listed":true,"rank":2,"scientific_name":"Asclepias curassavica","state":"FL","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in Florida; do not plant. Uses the shared severity scale applied to the sourced state invasive category.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Florida percentile","score":-55,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"2","native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Source Severe/Significant Threat category mapped to the identically named shared severity category; not an ecological effect-size equivalence","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:e1bd446d4a60b644e79294445cf3a554437d6bfa86c25cb73d0659ffd72e3e8c","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"ph":{"basis":["Bound printed by the source; open end from USDA NRCS soil reaction classes","Range printed by the source"],"categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"evidence_id":"fact:694edc29980db5f07d23e8c56e4b5dcb1be861c568c06294a6008a5868df068b","policy":"soil-ph-categories-1","range":[4.5,8],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_characteristic","source_field":"soil_ph_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["12001","12009","12011","12013","12017","12021","12027","12033","12035","12043","12047","12051","12053","12055","12057","12061","12065","12069","12071","12073","12081","12083","12085","12086","12087","12095","12097","12099","12101","12103","12105","12107","12111","12115","12117","12127","12129","12133"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["12001","12009","12011","12013","12017","12021","12027","12033","12035","12043","12047","12051","12053","12055","12057","12061","12065","12069","12071","12073","12081","12083","12085","12086","12087","12095","12097","12099","12101","12103","12105","12107","12111","12115","12117","12127","12129","12133"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Category II","listed":true,"rank":2,"scientific_name":"Asclepias curassavica","state":"FL","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"}],"invasive_rank":2,"native":false,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"fl_atlas","native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"N","matched_name":"Asclepias curassavica","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1400"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"FL","source":"fl_invasive","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Asclepias curassavica","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"HI:I L48:I PB:I PR:I VI:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Asclepias curassavica","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129369/Asclepias_curassavica"}],"native_explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier.","native_provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"native_status":"not_native","package_native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["fl_atlas:FL:1400"],"source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_refs":["fl_atlas","fl_invasive","gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1400","state_rank":"SNA"},"source_refs":["fl_atlas","fl_invasive","gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1400","state_rank":{"value":"SNA"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":[4.5,8]},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"USACE wetland occurrence proxy","ph":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox pH categories (Bound printed by the source; open end from USDA NRCS soil reaction classes; Range printed by the source)"},"fit_record":{"band":"Severe harm","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:e1bd446d4a60b644e79294445cf3a554437d6bfa86c25cb73d0659ffd72e3e8c","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"ph":{"basis":["Bound printed by the source; open end from USDA NRCS soil reaction classes","Range printed by the source"],"categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"evidence_id":"fact:694edc29980db5f07d23e8c56e4b5dcb1be861c568c06294a6008a5868df068b","policy":"soil-ph-categories-1","range":[4.5,8],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_characteristic","source_field":"soil_ph_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["01081","01097","12001","12009","12011","12013","12017","12021","12027","12033","12035","12043","12047","12051","12053","12055","12057","12061","12065","12069","12071","12073","12081","12083","12085","12086","12087","12095","12097","12099","12101","12103","12105","12107","12111","12115","12117","12127","12129","12133","45035"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":[4.5,8]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"USACE wetland occurrence proxy","ph":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox pH categories (Bound printed by the source; open end from USDA NRCS soil reaction classes; Range printed by the source)"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-55,"state":"FL"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Asclepias curassavica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_record_id":4894,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4894,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Ditches, disturbed areas; often cultivated, naturalizing (southwards in our region) and persistent as short-lived strays (northwards)."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4894,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of tropical America, cultivated as an ornamental, naturalized in Florida and persistent and naturalizing northwards (see, e.g., Bradley et al. [in prep.]). Kartesz (2020) reports it for e. Tennessee; this and other northern reports far inland and off the Coastal Plain are likely of plants only shortly persistent from cultivation."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4894,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Jan-Dec."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4894,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Bah, Fl5, FNA14, K1, K4, Meso4.1, NS, POWO, Tx, WH3, Woodson (1954); = n/a — RAB]"},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4894,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4894,"source_table":"Organism","value":"January to December"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"January to December","geographic_range_description":"Native of tropical America, cultivated as an ornamental, naturalized in Florida and persistent and naturalizing northwards (see, e.g., Bradley et al. [in prep.]). Kartesz (2020) reports it for e. Tennessee; this and other northern reports far inland and off the Coastal Plain are likely of plants only shortly persistent from cultivation.","habitat_description":"Ditches, disturbed areas; often cultivated, naturalizing (southwards in our region) and persistent as short-lived strays (northwards).","phenology_source_text":"Jan-Dec.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Bah, Fl5, FNA14, K1, K4, Meso4.1, NS, POWO, Tx, WH3, Woodson (1954); = n/a — RAB]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Asclepias curassavica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:225bfa25c9ed5862d21b75bdf454f1b26804941aa7bca9f1d9d63cc2ca89fe4a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:2ed24a21c5b03d56979529ba24f096f1b1d7f833a153c182860c03706503d52a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","value":["Annual","Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:46514c80dbedbf7e1ead5a853d532ead2e905a50131067445b233cef35485f97","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:4bb4b07121fa856a0ba14b121185fd24fa5ad2167381b52c68e4457454fddf9c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","value":{"max":3,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:511de1a98cef7f242ad2b49c9f06ff6aeb33c28169c7a482a9f423044a4acf03","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","value":{"max":2,"min":1,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:cd6cbc0087fddd5af2eae11da75f711b6db3655dd96a80df4485326049ea82eb","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","value":["Gold/Yellow","Orange","Red/Burgundy"]},{"expected_source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:e3c69e3bd8959d6a4af3555747724464246c7ba0e1b52f75a4baebe902722724","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","value":["Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:fdf497e1a2d45f496b4fcdb548192dce105051f62b49a8886259ff6da07ce101","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:31:22.240099+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","source_sha256":"da3663fd4a6e0e9afbe3c3525ebf9db27a64c84cdc3c90ecc4b5aa2272cffc4a","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asclepias-curassavica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","value":["8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Gold/Yellow","Orange","Red/Burgundy"],"hardiness_zones":["8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b"],"height_description":"2–3 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Annual","Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"1–2 feet"}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"N","matched_name":"Asclepias curassavica","scope":"FL","source":"fl_atlas","url":"https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1400"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"FL","source":"fl_invasive","url":"https://www.floridainvasives.org/plant-list/2023-invasive-plant-species/"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Asclepias curassavica","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"HI:I L48:I PB:I PR:I VI:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Asclepias curassavica","scope":"FL","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129369/Asclepias_curassavica"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"fl_atlas","explanation":"Atlas of Florida Plants (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier.","label":"Not native to Florida","provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"fl_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Asclepias curassavica","taxon_id":"taxon:999ef133-d54d-5561-aef9-65c680a75d87","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[{"id":"asclepias-curassavica-6150028","src":"/api/photos/image/f2f3914f8fb845d7fe717e56e0e3d99414310cdf32fb84867ce6183ba5585949.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Asclepias curassavica — bloom photograph","width":960,"height":1280,"artist":"Forest & Kim Starr","license":"CC BY 3.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_071024-0085_Asclepias_curassavica.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching","kind":"photo"}]}