Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobus
Found in moist to dry forests, bottomlands, dry, rocky ridges in humid gorges, also planted in timber plantations. FloraQuest, phone app (app page) What its natural habitat tells you
—
Not native
Not native to Alabama. How scores work Is it native here?
Profile 82%
- Height
- 50–80 feet
- Spread
- 20–40 feet
- Light
- Full sun, Partial shade
- Soil moisture
- Somewhat dry to moist
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At a glance
- Life cycle
- Woody perennial
- Leaves
- Evergreen
- Bloom
- April
- Fruiting season
- August to September
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Recorded in 16 Alabama counties.
Natural habitats
Places it grows wild. Not a planting requirement. Each habitat page lists the plants and wildlife also found there.
1 of 3
Forests on moist but not wet ground, such as rich slopes and ravines.
Forests and open woodlands on dry ridges and slopes, often oak or pine.
Floodplain and bottomland forests
Forests on low ground beside rivers and streams that flood from time to time.
Also found with this plant
Wildlife whose habitat models include habitats this plant grows in, in Alabama. Shared habitat, not food. 128 animals.
- European StarlingSturnus vulgaris
- Golden-crowned KingletRegulus satrapa
- Great Crested FlycatcherMyiarchus crinitus
- Great Horned OwlBubo virginianus
- Hairy WoodpeckerPicoides villosus
- Hooded MerganserLophodytes cucullatus
- Mourning DoveZenaida macroura
- Northern CardinalCardinalis cardinalis
- Northern FlickerColaptes auratus
- Northern MockingbirdMimus polyglottos
- Northern Saw-whet OwlAegolius acadicus
- Orange-crowned WarblerVermivora celata
- OspreyPandion haliaetus
- Pileated WoodpeckerDryocopus pileatus
- Pine SiskinCarduelis pinus
- Purple FinchCarpodacus purpureus
- Red-bellied WoodpeckerMelanerpes carolinus
- Red-breasted NuthatchSitta canadensis
- Red-tailed HawkButeo jamaicensis
- Red-winged BlackbirdAgelaius phoeniceus
- Ruby-crowned KingletRegulus calendula
- Ruby-throated HummingbirdArchilochus colubris
- Ruffed GrouseBonasa umbellus
- Sharp-shinned HawkAccipiter striatus
Ecological relationships
Who uses this plant?
125CaterpillarsGenus host records with ranges including AL
Genus host records with ranges including AL · Pinus
- Eacles imperialisImperial Moth
- Acronicta oblinitaSmeared Dagger
- Amorbia humerosanaWhite-Lined Leafroller Moth
- Anatrachyntis badiaFlorida Pink Scavanger Caterpillar
- Anavitrinella pampinariaCommon Gray, Cranberry Spanworm
- Antheraea polyphemusPolyphemus Moth
- Argyrotaenia pinatubanaPine Tube Moth
- Argyrotaenia tabulanaLodgepole Needletier
- Argyrotaenia velutinanaRed-Banded Leafroller Moth, Jack Pine Tube Moth
- Battaristis vittellaOrange Striped-Back Moth
Show all 125
- Callophrys niphonPine Elfin
- Callosamia prometheaPromethea Silkmoth, Promethea Moth
- Calosima dianellaEastern Pine Catkin Borer Moth
- Caripeta aretariaSouthern Pine Looper Moth
- Caripeta divisataGray Spruce Looper Moth
- Celypha nr.Celypha Moth
- Choristoneura pinusJack Pine Budworm
- Choristoneura rosaceanaOblique-Banded Leafroller Moth, Rosaceous Leaf Roller
- Citheronia sepulcralisPine-Devil Moth
- Coleotechnites canusellaBanded Jack-Pine Needleminer Moth
- Coleotechnites floraeColeotechnites Flower Moth, Red Pine Flower Moth
- Corticivora parvaBronze-Banded Corticivora
- Crocigrapha normaniNorman's Quaker
- Cydia anaranjadaSlash Pine Seedworm
- Cydia ingensLongleaf Pine Seedworm Moth
- Cydia toreutaEastern Pine Seedworm
- Dasychira mantoRusty Tussock Moth, Manto Tussock Moth
- Decantha boreasellaReticulated Decantha Moth
- Dichomeris setosellaHairy Dichomeris
- Dioryctria amatellaSouthern Pine Coneworm
- Dioryctria clarioralisBlister Coneworm
- Dioryctria disclusaWebbing Coneworm
- Dioryctria ebeliSouth Coastal Coneworm
- Dioryctria merkeliLoblolly Pineconeworm
- Dioryctria taedivorellaLesser Loblolly Pineconeworm Moth
- Ectropis crepusculariaThe Small Engrailed, Saddleback Looper
- Elaphria versicolorVariegated Midget
- Elasmopalpus lignosellaLesser Cornstalk Borer
- Euchlaena madusariaScrub Euchlaena
- Eucopina cocanaShortleaf Pine Cone Borer
- Eutrapela clematariaCurved-Tooth Geometer, Purplish Brown Looper
- Exoteleia anomalaPonerose Pine Needle Miner
- Exoteleia pinifoliellaPine Needle Miner
- Feralia majorMajor Sallow, Pine Sallow
- Givira annaAnna Carpenterworm Moth
- Givira francescaFrancesca Carpenterworm Moth
- Hydriomena transfigurataTransfigured Hydriomena
- Hypagyrtis estherEsther Moth
- Hypagyrtis unipunctataOne-Spotted Variant
- Hyphantria cuneaFall Webworm
- Hypoprepia miniataScarlet-Winged Lichen Moth
- Hypsopygia intermedialisRed-Shawled Moth
- Iridopsis vellivolataLarge Purplish Gray
- Laetilia coccidivoraScale-Feeding Snout
- Lambdina fervidariaCurve-Lined Looper Moth
- Lambdina fiscellariaHemlock Looper, Western Oak Looper
- Lambdina pellucidariaYellow-Headed Looper, Eastern Pine Looper
- Lapara coniferarumSouthern Pine Sphinx
- Lapara phaeobrachycerousBrou's Sphinx
- Macaria bicolorataBicolored Angle
- Macaria distribuariaSouthern Chocolate Angle
- Macaria granitataGranite Moth
- Macaria minorataMinor Angle
- Macaria sanfordiSanford's Angle
- Macaria signariaPale-Marked Angle, Spruce-Fir Looper, Dusky Peacock
- Macaria transitariaBlurry Chocolate Angle
- Melanocinclis lineigeraLined Melanocinclis
- Melanolophia canadariaCanadian Melanolphia, Variable Redmarked Looper
- Metanema inatomariaPale Metanema
- Moodna ostrinellaDarker Moodna
- Moodna pallidostrinellaPaler Moodna
- Morrisonia confusaConfused Woodgrain
- Nematocampa resistariaFilament Bearer, Horned Spanworm Moth
- Nepytia semiclusariaPine Conelet Looper
- Oiketicus abbotiiAbbot's Bagworm Moth
- Orgyia leucostigmaWhite-Marked Tussock Moth
- Orthosia hibisciSpeckled Green Fruitworm Moth, Speckled Green Quaker
- Palthis angulalisDark-Spotted Palthis
- Panthea furcillaEastern Panthea, Tufted Pine Panthea
- Patalene olyzonariaJuniper Geometer
- Pero morrisonariaMorrison's Pero
- Platynota flavedanaBlack-Shaded Platynota
- Platynota idaeusalisTufted Apple-Bud Moth
- Platynota stultanaOmnivorous Leafroller
- Pococera melanogrammosBlack-Letter Pococera
- Pococera robustellaPine Webworm
- Prochoerodes lineolaLarge Maple Spanworm Moth
- Protoboarmia porcelariaPorcelain Gray, Dashedlined Looper
- Retinia gemistrigulanaGray Retinia
- Retinia houseriMinute Pitch-Blister Moth
- Retinia taedanaSouthern Pitch-Blister Moth
- Rhyacionia adanaPine Shoot Moth, Adana Pine Tip Moth
- Rhyacionia busckanaRed Pine Tip Moth, Red Pine Shoot Borer
- Rhyacionia frustranaNantucket Pine Tip Moth
- Rhyacionia rigidanaPitch-Pine Tip Moth
- Rhyacionia subtropicaPine Tip Moth, Subtropical Pine Tip Moth
- Satronia tantillaSouthern Pine Catkinworm
- Sparganothis sulfureanaSparganothis Fruitworm Moth, Sulfur Leafroller, False Yellow-Head
- Spilosoma virginicaVirginian Tiger Moth, Yellow Woolybear Moth, Yellow Bear
- Spodoptera frugiperdaFall Armyworm Moth
- Strymon melinusGray Hairstreak
- Synanthedon scitulaDogwood Borer, Pecan Borer
- Syndemis afflictanaFall Dead-Leaf Roller, Gray Leafroller, Black-and-Grey Banded Leafroller
- Syngrapha rectangulaSalt-and-Pepper Looper Moth
- Tetracis cachexiataWhite Slant-Line
- Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformisEvergreen Bagworm Moth
- Tolype notialisSmall Tolype
- Virbia aurantiacaOrange Virbia, Orange Holomelina
- Xestia badicollisWhite Pine Cutworm, Northern Variable Dart, White Pine Dart, Northern Pine Dart
- Xestia elimataSouthern Variable Dart, Southern Pine Dart
- Zale buchholziBuchholz's Zale
- Zale confusaConfused Zale
- Zale curemaBlack-Eyed Zale, Northeastern Pine Zale
- Zale helataBrown-Spotted Zale
- Zale metataFawn Virginia Pine Zale
- Zale metatoidesWashed-Out Zale
- Zale obliquaOblique Zale
- Zale squamularisGray-Banded Zale
- Zanclognatha marthaPine Barrens Zanclognatha, Pine Barrens Fan-Foot
- Zanclognatha protumnusalisConifer Zanclognatha, Complex Fan-Foot
- Basicladus celibata
- Coleotechnites starki
- Dahlica walshella
- Rhyacionia aktita
- Xenotemna pallorana
—BeesSoutheastern regional records
—Specialist beesPollen specialists
15BirdsRecorded genus food-resource interactions; not a state feeding claim
Recorded genus food-resource interactions; not a state feeding claim · Pinus
- Alectoris chukarChukar
- Anthus rubescensAmerican Pipit
- Aythya collarisRing-necked Duck
- Coccothraustes vespertinusEvening Grosbeak
- Conuropsis carolinensisCarolina Parakeet
- Dendragapus obscurusDusky Grouse
- Falcipennis canadensisSpruce Grouse
- Gymnorhinus cyanocephalusPinyon Jay
- Loxia curvirostraRed Crossbill
- Meleagris gallopavoWild Turkey
Show all 15
- Nucifraga columbianaClark's Nutcracker
- Patagioenas fasciataBand-tailed Pigeon
- Pinicola enucleatorPine Grosbeak
- Rhynchopsitta pachyrhynchaThick-billed Parrot
- Setophaga pinusPine Warbler
Direct food only: birds recorded eating this genus across North America. Caterpillars on host plants also feed nesting birds. NC Native Plant Society: butterfly gardening
No records yet · Ants · Beetles · Flies · Adult butterflies / moths · Other wasps · Other insects
Growing and identification
Plant details
- Family
- Pinaceae
- Hardiness
- Zones 3a–8b
- Soil pH
- Acidic
- Flower color
- Yellow, green, inconspicuous or red
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Growth habit
- Single stem
- Foliage color
- Dark green
- Fruit begins
- August
- Fruit ends
- September
Safety has not been reviewed for this plant; check toxicity and thorns before planting.
Growing sources and scope
- Bloom · “April” · FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team), phone app (app page) (ranked first; USDA PLANTS differs) · Carolinas and Georgia
- Flower color · “Yellow, green, inconspicuous or red” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox (ranked first; USDA PLANTS differs)
- Foliage color · “Dark green” · USDA PLANTS · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
- Fruit begins · “August” · FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team), phone app (app page) (ranked first; USDA PLANTS differs) · Carolinas and Georgia
- Fruit ends · “September” · FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team), phone app (app page) (ranked first; USDA PLANTS differs) · Carolinas and Georgia
- Growth habit · “Single stem” · USDA PLANTS · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
- Growth rate · “Rapid” · USDA PLANTS · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
- Hardiness · “Zones 3a–8b” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox
- Height · “50–80 feet” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox (ranked first; USDA PLANTS, Minnesota Wildflowers differ)
- Leaves · “Evergreen” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox
- Life cycle · “Woody perennial” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox
- Light · “Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day); Partial shade (direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox (ranked first; Tennessee Smart Yards, Virginia DCR Piedmont, Virginia DCR Coastal Plain differ)
- Soil · “Moist; Occasionally dry” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox (ranked first; Tennessee Smart Yards, Virginia DCR Piedmont, Virginia DCR Coastal Plain differ)
- Soil pH · “Acidic” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox
- Spread · “20–40 feet” · NC Extension Plant Toolbox
Also known as
White Pine
Conservation status
| Alabama rank | Not available |
|---|---|
| Global rank | G5 |
| AL status | Not verified |
| Federal status | Not verified |
Sources
- Alabama Plant Atlas
- USDA PLANTS
- Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program)
- Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)
- Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0
- Smith, Bachelder, Russell, Morales, Mosher & Seltmann 2024, Bee-Specialization-Modeling v0.6.1 (specialist host table compiled from J. Fowler's pollen specialist bee lists), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0
- Hurlbert, Olsen, Sawyer & Winner 2021, Avian Diet Database, Scientific Data 8: 260 (CC0)
- Narango, Tallamy & Shropshire 2020, Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species, Nature Communications